SKILL  KNOWLEDGE  SAFETY

PMAOHS321B - Provide first aid response in remote and/or isolated area

Description

This competency unit covers the provision of First Aid response including life support and the management of casualty(s) in a remote and/or isolated area until evacuation of the casualty(s) by emergency services

Pre Requisites

MSAPMOHS220A     Provide initial First Aid response

Application

N/A

Performance Criteria

1. Identify possible contingencies at remote/ isolated area    
1.1. Undertake preparation for isolated travel or work accounting for expected contingencies according to procedures/policies.

2. Handle casualty's immediate condition    
2.1. Assess casualty's condition and determine appropriate response in order to minimise hazards and determine need for medical assistance
2.2. Monitor and respond to casualty's condition in accordance with appropriate First Aid principles
2.3. Reassure and support casualty during the wait for medical assistance
2.4. Ensure and determine casualty's comfort by establishing and explaining the nature of the illness/injury and the management procedures
2.5. Undertake to provide shelter from elements in accordance with environmental conditions.

3. Liaise with external medical support    
3.1. Document condition of the casualty over time to assist on-going management
3.2. Establish communication links to medical services to ensure prompt control action is undertaken
3.3. Undertake administration of medication under medical instruction, using relevant communication equipment
3.4. Evaluate environmental and casualty's condition to determine transportation requirements of casualty to medical assistance
3.5. Provide assistance in the evacuation of casualty by emergency services as required.

4. Evaluate the incident    
4.1. Evaluate management of the incident and where required develop an action plan in consultation with relevant parties
4.2. Participate in debriefing/evaluation to improve future operations and address individual's needs
4.3. Provide access to bona fide critical stress facilitators where required/requested
4.4. Implement site management/procedures and evaluate in accordance with risk assessment
4.5. Formulate contingency planning and review to identify and select alternative management principles.

Required Skills & Knowledge

Required skills
Correct use/ application of First Aid principles and procedures including:
  •     resuscitation
  •     the use of semi automated defibrillator
  •     delivery of oxygen
  •     adequate infection control procedures
  •     safe manual handling
  •     consideration of the welfare of the casualty
  •     initial casualty assessment
  •     incident management
  •     infection control
  •     bleeding control
  •     airway management
  •     care of unconscious.

Use of various First Aid resources and equipment
Communication skills, including:
  •     use of various communication systems, eg two-way radios, mobile and satellite phones etc
  •     report preparation
  •     the ability to interpret and use required forms/documentation.

Leadership and decision making ability.

Required knowledge
Knowledge and understanding of basic life support principles and measures sufficient to recognise emergency situations and then determine appropriate action within the scope of their responsibilities and competencies. These include:
  •     basic anatomy and physiology
  •     respiratory/circulatory system
  •     basic toxicology.

Knowledge of relevant State and Territory regulatory requirements, occupational health and safety (OHS) legislation and regulations, and company standard operating procedures (SOPs). These include:
  •     legal responsibilities and duty of care
  •     how to gain access to and interpret material safety data sheets (MSDSs)
  •     debriefing counselling procedures
  •     dealing with social problems and confidentiality
  •     capabilities of emergency management services
  •     transport facilities.

Range Statement

Codes of practice/ standards    
Where reference is made to industry codes of practice, and/or Australian/international standards, the latest version must be used.

Context    

First Aid management will need to account for:

  •     workplace policies and procedures
  •     industry/site specific regulations, codes etc
  •     occupational health and safety requirements
  •     State and Territory workplace health and safety requirements
  •     allergies the casualty may have.


Hazards    

Physical hazards may include:

  •     workplace hazards
  •     environmental hazards
  •     hazards associated with the casualty management process.


Risks  

 Risks may include:

  •     worksite equipment, machinery and substances
  •     First Aid equipment (oxygen cylinders, defibrillator)
  •     environmental risks
  •     bodily fluids
  •     risk of further injury to the casualty
  •     risks associated with the proximity of other workers and bystanders.


Injuries and conditions managed  

 Casualty condition is managed for:

  •     abdominal injuries
  •     allergic reactions
  •     bleeding
  •     burns - thermal, chemical, friction, electrical
  •     cardiac conditions
  •     chemical contamination
  •     cold injuries
  •     crush injuries
  •     dislocations
  •     drowning
  •     envenomation - snake, spider, insect and marine bites
  •     environmental conditions such as hypothermia, dehydration, heat stroke
  •     epilepsy, diabetes, asthma and other medical conditions
  •     eye injuries
  •     fractures
  •     head injuries
  •     insect/marine bites
  •     minor skin injuries
  •     neck and spinal injuries
  •     needle stick injuries
  •     poisoning and toxic substances
  •     respiratory management of asthma and/or choking
  •     shock
  •     smoke inhalation
  •     soft tissue injuries, including sprains, strains, dislocations
  •     substance abuse, illicit drugs
  •     unconsciousness, including not breathing and no pulse.


First Aid responses    
First Aid management may include:

  •     administration of analgesic gases
  •     cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
  •     infection control
  •     semi-automatic external defibrillator (SAED)
  •     expired air resuscitation (EAR).
  •     Established First Aid principles include:
  •     checking the site for danger to self, casualty and others and minimising the danger
  •     checking and maintaining casualty's airway, breathing and circulation.


Variables    
First Aid management will need to account for:

  •     location and nature of the workplace
  •     the environmental conditions, eg electricity, biological risks, weather, motor vehicle accidents
  •     location of emergency service personnel
  •     the use and availability of First Aid equipment and resources
  •     infection control.


Medication    
Medication may include:

  •     oxygen
  •     pain relief - paracetamol in accordance with State and Territory legislation, analgesics (penthrane, entonox - used in mining industry)
  •     asthma - aerosol bronchodilators: casualty's own or from First Aid kit in accordance with State and Territory legislation
  •     severe allergic reactions - adrenaline: subject to casualty's own regime
  •     heart attack - aspirin.


Resources and equipment    
Resources and equipment are used appropriate to the risk to be met and may include:

  •     blood pressure cuff
  •     oxygen resuscitation/cylinders
  •     defibrillation units
  •     pressure bandages
  •     thermometers
  •     injections
  •     backboards
  •     stretchers
  •     soft bag resuscitator
  •     First Aid kits
  •     eyewash
  •     thermal blankets
  •     pocket face masks
  •     rubber gloves
  •     dressing
  •     spacer device
  •     cervical collars.


Communication systems    
Communication systems may include but are not limited to:

  •     mobile phones
  •     satellite phones
  •     HF/VHF radio
  •     flags
  •     flares
  •     two way radio
  •     email
  •     electronic equipment.


Travel    

  •     Consideration to travel or wait would depend upon:
  •     severity of injury
  •     time required for medical assistance to arrive
  • Note: movement might hinder rescue procedures


Preparation for travel may include:

  •     selection of relevant communication equipment and
  •     relevant First Aid supplies and resources to cater for environmental conditions.


Documentation    
Documentation may cover:

  •     time
  •     fluid intake/output
  •     blood
  •     vomit
  •     faeces
  •     urine
  •     administration of medication, including time, date, person administering, dose
  •     vital signs.

Health, safety and environment (HSE)    
All operations to which this unit applies are subject to stringent health, safety and environment requirements, which may be imposed through State or Federal legislation, and these must not be compromised at any time.  Where there is an apparent conflict between Performance Criteria and HSE requirements, the HSE requirements take precedence.

Evidence Guide

Overview of assessment    
Assessment of this unit should include demonstrated competence on actual plant and equipment in a work environment. The unit will be assessed in as holistic a manner as is practical and may be integrated with the assessment of other relevant units of competency.
Assessment will occur over a range of situations that will include disruptions to normal, smooth operation. Where applicable, assessment should replicate workplace conditions as far as possible.  Where, for reasons of safety, access to equipment and resources and space, assessment takes place away from the workplace, simulations should be used to represent workplace conditions as closely as possible.  Consistency of performance should be maintained over the required range of workplace situations until renewal of competence/license is required by the industry/organisation.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit    
Competence may be demonstrated working individually, under supervision or as part of a First Aid team.

Context of and specific resources for assessment    
Assessment will require access to an operating plant over an extended period of time, or a suitable method of gathering evidence of operating ability over a range of situations.  A bank of scenarios/case studies/what-ifs will be required as will a bank of questions which will be used to probe the reasoning behind the observable actions.

Method of assessment     
In all plants it may be appropriate to assess this unit concurrently with relevant teamwork and communication units.

Guidance information for assessment    
Assessment processes and techniques must be culturally appropriate and appropriate to the oracy, language and literacy capacity of the assessee and the work being performed.

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